1	One Step Further Rubella Infection OSF - 12 Pages 262 & 263
2	Rubella Infection - 2 Diseases associated with rubella virus: econgenital rubella eacute rubella - also called AGerman measles@ Viral characteristics: esingle-stranded RNA eenters via upper respiratory tract by: ]direct contact ]droplet contact Acute rubella characteristics: ebenign and self-limiting eseen in children & young adults emild fever with upper respiratory symptoms etransient rash eenlarged lymph nodes eearly fetus at risk so all pregnant women are tested in early pregnancy
3	Rubella Infection - 3 Congenital rubella characteristics: erubella virus can cross placental barrier emay be fatal to fetus emay be cause ocular and brain damage in the fetus emay cause deafness in the newborn emay cause cardiac and liver damage Rubella testing: emost widely used tests: Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Passive-Hemagglutination Assay (PHA) Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI)
4	Rubella Infection - 4 Reasons for rubella testing: eto determine the immune status of the individual to rubella virus eto determine the presence of congenital rubella risk in pregnant women eto determine the presence of acute infection presence of rubella virus specific IgM presence of rubella virus specific IgG only absence of rubella virus specific IgM or IgG ‡indicates current infection to rubella ‡indicates past infection to rubella and patient has immunity to rubella virus ‡indicates no past or current infection to rubella and patient has no immunity to rubella virus
5	Rubella Infection - 5 Reasons for rubella testing: continued eto determine the presence of congenital rubella risk in pregnant women eto determine the presence of acute infection presence of rubella virus specific IgM in newborn=s serum ‡indicates congenital infection to rubella presence of rubella virus specific IgM in serum up to age 6 months ‡indicates congenital infection to rubella four-fold increase in both virus specific IgM and IgG titer within 5 days of diagnosis ‡confirms diagnosis of an infection with rubella virus
6	Rubella Infection - 6 Preventive measures: evaccination program attenuated rubella virus used included with mumps and measeles vaccine and is referred to as AMMR vaccine@ induces both virus specific IgG and IgM can not be given to women who are pregnant
7	End of Rubella Infection