1	One Step Further Testing for AIDS OSF - 18 Pages 329 & 330
2	Testing for AIDS - 2 Definition of AIDS: eAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Causative agent: eHuman Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Characteristics of HIV-1: eit is a retrovirus eit contains two strands of RNA ealso contains several enzymes eit=s capsid contains lipids egp120 antigen of virus attaches to CD4 antigen on cells ethree major genes and their functions: Ženv gene: Žgag gene: Žpol gene: Codes for glycoproteins in outer envelope (gp120 & gp41) Codes for core proteins (p55, p40 & p24) Codes for enzymes reverse transcriptase (p66) & (p51), protease (p11), & integrase (p51)
3	Testing for AIDS - 3 Clinical course of HIV infection: ePrimary HIV infection eClinical latency eClinical AIDS Žhigh levels of HIV-1 detected in peripheral mononuclear cells and plasma Žanti-HIV-1 antibodies appear in plasma Žlevels of HIV-1 viral load desreases Ždiffers from individual to individual Žmay be rapid transition to clinical AIDS Žmay be 10 years or more for transition to clinical AIDS Žviral replication occurs in lymphoid tissues Žsmall amount of HIV-1 in peripheral blood Žproduction of HIV-1 = destruction of HIV-1
4	Testing for AIDS - 4 Clinical course of HIV infection: ePrimary HIV infection eClinical latency eClinical AIDS Žwhen immune system destruction of HIV-1 fails to keep up with production of HIV-1 Žsevere depression of immune system due to destruction of CD4 lymphocytes Žopportunistic infections and neoplasms develop: wPneumocystis carnii wKarposi=s sarcoma
5	Testing for AIDS - 5 Detection and Diagnosis of HIV-1 infections: eAntibody detection eAntigen detection ŽELISA test used as screening test ŽWestern blot test used as confirmatory test to detect: wanti-p24 wanti-p31 wanti-p41 2 out of 3 must be present for a positive diagnosis ŽQualitative detection ŽQuatification of HIV wuses amplification of HIV DNA by PCR wused to detect HIV-1 in newborns prior to Ab=s being produced wuses NASBA to establish viral load wused to monitor patient progress or threat to fetus
6	End of Testing for AIDS