CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS OF HESBURGH’S SPEECHES FROM THE 70s

The following are fund-raising speeches presented by Hesburgh to the alumni of the University of Notre Dame. The speeches analyzed are “Alumni Reunion Banquet,” given in June 1974; “The Ford Foundation Presentation” of April 15, 1977; and “Opening Campaign Century Center” in 1979.

“Alumni Reunion Banquet”: June 1974

“Alumni Reunion Banquet” was a speech Hesburgh presented in June 1974 to Notre Dame alumni couples invited to spend a weekend at the University of Notre Dame campus. Various activities were planned for the weekend, such as a tennis tournament and other games, and 1,800 alumni participated.

Hesburgh informed the alumni about the results of the Priority Study that concluded that the most important priorities for the future of the University of Notre Dame were teaching, standing firm in its beliefs and commitment to the gospel, and being open to study the difficult questions of the time. He personalized this by reading four letters from parents stating how their children had grown socially, academically, and spiritually during the time they attended the University of Notre Dame. He also read a letter by Bonnie, a student who was killed in an accident on her way home, telling her parents what the University had done for her. He concluded by thanking the Notre Dame family for participating in making the University what it was.

The “Alumni Reunion Banquet” revealed 7 pentads. The pentadic terms and dominant terms for each are identified below.

Pentad 1

Pentad 1, situated in paragraph 1 of page 283, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Alumni

Act: Making Notre Dame a reality

Agency: Family and professional lives

Purpose: To make history of all that is best in the university and the country

Scene: Wherever there is a Notre Dame graduate

The agents are the alumni who are making Notre Dame a reality (act) through the agency of their family and professional lives. Their purpose is to make history of all that the University of Notre Dame is--the best of the university and the best university in the country. The scene is anyplace where there is a graduate from Notre Dame.

Act is the dominant term in pentad 1 (Table 41). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of making Notre Dame a reality requires the agent of the alumni in that the University of Notre Dame is made a reality through students and then alumni; they are symbolic representatives of the University from which they graduate. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of making Notre Dame a reality requires that it be made a reality in one’s life, which includes family and professional life. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of making Notre Dame a reality requires the purpose of making history of all that is best in the university and the country. Making the University of Notre Dame a reality focuses on that part of the University of Notre Dame that is best. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of making Notre Dame a reality requires the scene of wherever there is a Notre Dame graduate. Because Notre Dame is their alma mater, the Notre Dame graduates are most likely to make Notre Dame a reality wherever they are.

Table 41

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Pentad 1 of the Alumni Reunion Banquet

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of family and professional lives requires the purpose of making history of all that is best in the university and the country. The scene-agent ratio suggests that the scene of wherever there is a Notre Dame graduate requires the agent of the alumni because alumni are graduates of an institution such as the University of Notre Dame.

Pentad 2

Pentad 2, located in paragraph 1 of page 283, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Jim Armstrong

Act: Presided over the Notre Dame alumni for 31 years

Agency: Great class, great imagination, and honest work

Purpose: To create a bond among the alumni

Scene: Unnamed

Hesburgh names Jim Armstrong as the agent who presided over the Notre Dame alumni for 31 years (act). Armstrong’s agency was a great class, great imagination, and honest work. The purpose for Armstrong’s action was to create a bond among the alumni that he did and did well. Hesburgh would like to see that bond continue and grow.

The dominant term in pentad 2 is act (Table 42). The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of presiding over Notre Dame alumni for 31 years requires the agency of a great class, great imagination, and honest work in that these are qualities that determine the successful leading of the alumni. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of presiding over Notre Dame alumni for 31 years requires the purpose of creating a bond among the alumni. This is a weaker connection in that the purpose of an alumni group is broader than just creating a bond among the alumni, such as raising funds or providing other valuable services. These functions, however, are more likely to be enhanced if a community exists among the alumni. The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of presiding over Notre Dame alumni for 31 years requires the agent of Jim Armstrong in that leadership is required for such an organization. This is a weak connection because presiding over Notre Dame alumni could be done by someone else, not necessarily Jim Armstrong. That Armstrong has the required leadership, though, suggests a connection of sorts in this ratio. The act-scene ratio does not apply since the scene is not mentioned.

Table 42

Pentad 2 of the Alumni Reunion Banquet

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of creating a bond among the alumni requires the agency of a great class, great imagination, and honest work. These are qualities that build alumni relationships.

Pentad 3

Pentad 3, situated in paragraph 2 of page 283, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Notre Dame

Act: Teaching and reaching its toughest character

Agency: Belief in commitment, study, and openness to truth

Purpose: To strive for values, meaning, significance for life and meaning of hope in time of despair

Scene: Atmosphere of faith

The University of Notre Dame is the agent that engages in (act) rigorous teaching and reaching its toughest character in its open faith while upholding its traditions. The agency is its firm beliefs, commitment to educating the mind to higher levels and competence, and openness to the truth. Notre Dame’s purpose of teaching and reaching its toughest character is to strive for values, meaning, significance of life, and meaning of hope in times of despair. The environment (scene) is an atmosphere of faith.

Agent is the dominant term in pentad 3 (Table 43). The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of Notre Dame requires the act of teaching and reaching its toughest character. This is a strong connection in that these are qualities for which universities exit. The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of Notre Dame requires the agency of commitment, study, and openness to truth in that a university must have these qualities to meet their students’ needs and to fulfill the functions of a university. The agent-purpose ratio suggests that the agent of Notre Dame requires the purpose of striving for values, meaning, significance for life, and meaning and hope in times of despair in that these are contributions that universities must bring to the community and society. Universities are to prepare students to deal with the situations they will face in their lives in effective ways. The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of Notre Dame requires the scene of an atmosphere of faith. Notre Dame, because it is a Christian institution, is expected to have an atmosphere of faith.

The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of teaching and reaching its toughest character requires the agency of belief in commitment, study, and openness to truth.

Table 43

Pentad 3 of the Alumni Reunion Banquet

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 4

Pentad 4, situated on paragraph 3 of page 283, through paragraph 1 of page 284, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Parents

Act: Gave positive remarks about Notre Dame

Agency: Writing letters

Purpose: To express appreciation for the growth of their children

Scene: Pennsylvania, Missouri, Oyster Bay, New York, and Lakesville

The agents are the parents of students at the University of Notre Dame who wrote letters (agency) to Hesburgh to give positive feedback about Notre Dame (act). The purpose is to express appreciation for the growth of their children. The scenes are the various places from which the families come.

Purpose is the dominant term in pentad 4 (Table 44). The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of expressing appreciation for the growth of their children requires the agent of parents. Parents generally want to see their children grow physically and intellectually, so they would appreciate the positive things they see in their children as a result of attending the University of Notre Dame. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of expressing appreciation for the growth of their children requires the act of writing letters in that that is one way of expressing one’s appreciation. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of expressing appreciation for the growth of their children requires the agency of positive remarks about Notre Dame. The purpose-scene ratio suggests that the purpose of expressing appreciation for the growth of their children requires the scene of Pennsylvania, Missouri, Oyster Bay, New York, and Lakesville. The purpose has no connection with the scene except that the scene does show the breadth and scope of the appreciation expressed in that its appreciation came from people from all over.

Table 44

Pentad 4 of the Alumni Reunion Banquet

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 5

Pentad 5, situated in paragraph 2 of page 284, through paragraph 3 of page 284, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Bonnie’s mother

Act: Gave positive comments about Notre Dame

Agency: Writing letter

Purpose: To express appreciation for what Notre Dame did for Bonnie

Scene: Events around Bonnie’s funeral

The agent in this pentad is Bonnie’s mother, who wrote a letter (agency) to the University of Notre Dame after the death of her daughter. The act was giving positive comments about Notre Dame as an expression of her appreciation for what Notre Dame did for Bonnie (purpose). The scene was the events around Bonnie’s funeral.

The dominant term in pentad 5 is purpose (Table 45). The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of expressing appreciation for what the University of Notre Dame did for Bonnie requires the agent of Bonnie’s mother. A mother is likely to be appreciative of other’s efforts to help her child. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of expressing appreciation for what the University of Notre Dame did for Bonnie requires the act of writing a letter; this is one way of expressing appreciation. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of expressing appreciation for what the University of Notre Dame did for Bonnie requires the agency of positive comments about the University of Notre Dame. Appreciation cannot be expressed in negative language. The purpose-scene ratio suggests that the purpose of expressing appreciation for what the University of Notre Dame did for Bonnie requires the scene of events around Bonnie’s funeral. Although there is no necessary connection here, it is common that such expressions of appreciation be made at a funeral.

Table 45

Pentad 5 of the Alumni Reunion Banquet

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 6

Pentad 6, located in paragraph 1 of page 285, through paragraph 2 of page 285, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Bonnie

Act: Gave positive comments about Notre Dame

Agency: Writing letter to parents

Purpose: To convey the positive impact of Notre Dame on her life

Scene: The University of Notre Dame

Hesburgh names Bonnie as the agent who wrote a letter to her parents (agency) through the act of giving positive comments about Notre Dame for the purposes of conveying the positive impact of Notre Dame on her life while at the University of Notre Dame (scene).

Purpose is the dominant term in pentad 6 (Table 46). This is because the purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of conveying the positive impact of the University of Notre Dame on her life requires the agent of Bonnie. As a recipient of the positive impact of the University of Notre Dame, that Bonnie would speak positively about her experience at the University of Notre Dame is logical. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of conveying the positive impact of the University of Notre Dame on her life requires the act of writing a letter to parents to let them know what she appreciates about the University of Notre Dame. Bonnie would not need to use a letter format, but that would be the most economical and common form of communication between students and their parents at this time. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of conveying the positive impact of the University of Notre Dame on her life requires the agency of positive comments in that positive comments show a positive impact. The purpose-scene ratio suggests that the purpose of conveying the positive impact of the University of Notre Dame on her life requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame in that there had to be the University of Notre Dame to have a positive impact on her life.

The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of giving positive comments about the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of conveying the positive impact of the University of Notre Dame. Positive comments cannot be conveyed in negative language.

Table 46

Pentad 6 of the Alumni Reunion Banquet

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 7

Pentad 7, located on page 285, last paragraph, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The University of Notre Dame

Act: Taught a Methodist girl how to love God, her fellow students, her parents, and Notre Dame

Agency: External vicissitudes of years at Notre Dame

Purpose: To show that Notre Dame is still that kind of place to those who study there

Scene: The University of Notre Dame in 1974

The University of Notre Dame is the agent that taught a Methodist girl (act) how to love God, her fellow students, her parents, and the University of Notre Dame. The agency is the external vicissitudes of the years spent at the University of Notre Dame. The purpose is to show that the University of Notre Dame is still the kind of place that transforms the lives of students. The scene in this pentad is the University of Notre Dame in 1974.

Purpose is the dominant term in pentad 7 (Table 47). The ratio purpose-agent suggests that the purpose of showing that the University of Notre Dame is still that kind of place to those who study there requires the agent of Notre Dame. The University of Notre Dame cannot be shown as the same kind of place it was without Notre Dame. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of showing that Notre Dame is still that kind of place to those who study there requires the act of teaching a Methodist girl how to love God, her fellow students, her parents, and Notre Dame. There is a weaker connection here in that showing what kind of a place Notre Dame is does not require teaching a Methodist girl, but the things she was taught are the qualities the University of Notre Dame taught them and still teaches: how to love God, her fellow students, her parents, and the University of Notre Dame. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of showing that the University of Notre Dame is still that kind of place to those who study there requires the agency of external vicissitudes of years at the University of Notre Dame in that constant change has happened at the University of Notre Dame, but certain constants remain. The purpose-scene ratio suggests that the purpose of showing that Notre Dame is still that kind of place to those who study there requires the scene of Notre Dame in 1974. This is necessary in order to make the comparison between what happened then and what happens now.

The agent-purpose ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of showing that the University is still that kind of place to those who study there. The University perpetuates a certain kind of tradition. The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of external vicissitudes of years at the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of showing that the University is still that kind of place to those who study there. This is a sign of stability.

Table 47

Pentad 7 of the Alumni Reunion Banquet

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Summary of Dominant Terms

The dominant terms in the seven pentads of the “Alumni Reunion Banquet” are:

1. Purpose: To express appreciation for the growth of their children (Table 44)

To express appreciation for what Notre Dame did for Bonnie (Table 45)

To convey the positive impact of Notre Dame on her life (Table 46)

To show that Notre Dame is still that kind of place to those who study there (Table 47)

2. Act: Making Notre Dame a reality (Table 41)

Presided over the Notre Dame alumni for 31 years (Table 42)

3. Agent: Notre Dame (Table 43)

Seven pentads were identified. Purpose was dominant four times, act two times, and agent was dominant in one pentad. Purpose is the controlling term in this speech.

“Fund-Raising Address”: April 15, 1977

In a speech to alumni and members of the board of trustees on April 15, 1977, Hesburgh informs his audience that he and other priests and bishops are celebrating 38 years in the priesthood. He recounts Father Sorin’s experience as founder of the University at the age of 28 and talks of his faith and vision to make the University a great place. He reminds his audience that Father Sorin did not give up when the University was burned down. He shows how, through Father Sorin’s successor, John Cavanaugh, the University lived that faith and vision through developments that advanced the institution. Hesburgh sees the present challenge as furthering this faith and vision through further developments the University is striving to achieve. He refers to Catholic universities that became nationalized and secularized and assures his audience that the University of Notre Dame will make it. He concludes by applauding the alumni for their willingness to give to what they believe in this place.

An analysis of “Fund-Raising Address” revealed 11 pentads. The pentadic terms and dominant terms for the pentads are identified below.

Pentad 1

Pentad 1, located in paragraph 4 of page 286, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Priests

Act: Celebrating the life of the bishops

Agency: 38^th anniversary

Purpose: To celebrate lives spent working for Catholic education

Scene: Unnamed

Hesburgh names the agents as the priests who are celebrating their lives as bishops (act) through the agency of the 38^th anniversary. The purpose is to celebrate their lives spent working for Catholic education. The scene is not named.

The dominant term in pentad 1 is agency (Table 48). The agency-agent ratio suggests that the agency of a 38^th anniversary requires the agents of priests. There is no anniversary to celebrate if there are no people whose commitments are being celebrated. The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of a 38^th anniversary requires the act of celebrating the life of the bishops in that the anniversary is a recognition of how the bishops have chosen to lead their lives–as bishops. The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of a 38^th anniversary requires the purpose of celebrating lives spent on working for Catholic education. Working for Catholic education is part of the bishops’ lives and hence part of the celebration. The agency-scene ratio is not considered because the scene is not named.

Table 48

Pentad 1 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of founding the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of building a great university.

Pentad 2

Pentad 2, situated in paragraph 5 of page 286, through paragraph 1 on page 287, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Father Sorin

Act: Founded Notre Dame

Agency: Dream, faith, and vision

Purpose: To build a great university

Scene: South Bend, Indiana

The agent is Father Sorin, who founded Notre Dame (act) through the agency of his dream, faith, and vision. Father Sorin’s purpose was to build a great university in South Bend, Indiana (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 2 is agent (Table 49). The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of Father Sorin requires the act of founding the University of Notre Dame in that a university cannot come into existence without someone’s initiative; he is linked to the University of Notre Dame as its founder. The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of Father Sorin requires the agency of a dream, faith, and vision in that these are the qualities needed to start an institution of the magnitude of the University of Notre Dame. The agent-purpose ratio suggests that the agent of Father Sorin requires the purpose of building a great university in that because of who he is, he is capable of carrying out such a venture. The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of Father Sorin requires the scene of South Bend, Indiana, in that this was the place he chose to found the great university.

Act is a runner-up dominant term in this pentad. The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of founding the University of Notre Dame requires the agent of Father Sorin in that without someone of Father Sorin’s caliber, the university would not have been founded. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of founding the University of Notre Dame requires the agency of dream, faith, and vision in that these qualities are required for a major act such as that of founding a university. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of founding the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of building a great university. One usually does not found a university with the expectation that it will be mediocre. The act-scene ratio is a weaker connection in that although the University of Notre Dame was founded in South Bend, that was not the only possible place for it.

Table 49

Pentad 2 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of building a great university requires the agency of dream, faith, and vision. These are qualities necessary to build a great university.

Pentad 3

Pentad 3, situated on line 13 of page 287 through the end of the paragraph, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Catholic universities

Act: Did something special for culture and civilization

Agency: Catholic influence

Purpose: To be great universities

Scene: Around the world

Hesburgh names the agent as Catholic universities that have done something special for the culture and civilization of the times (act) through the agency of Catholic influence. The purpose is to have great universities around the world (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 3 is agency (Table 50). The agency-agent ratio suggests that the agency of Catholic influence requires the agent of Catholic universities; they are a major means for spreading Catholic influence. The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of Catholic influence requires the act of doing something special for culture and civilization in that Catholic influence is a change agent. The Catholic Church’s perspective is special, and the Church aims to affect culture and civilization with this perspective. The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of Catholic influence requires the purpose of creating a great university. Although this is a weak connection in that other entities can create great universities and Catholic influence can be manifest in ways other than through creating universities, Catholic influence would be a driving force behind a Catholic university. The agency-scene ratio suggests that the agency of Catholic influence requires the scene of the world, in that Catholics are all over the world and their influence felt in their universities all around the world.

The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of Catholic universities requires the agency of Catholic influence because they are founded on Catholic principles.

Table 50

Pentad 3 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 4

Pentad 4, situated in paragraph 2 of page 287, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Father Sorin

Act: Rebuilt Notre Dame after it was destroyed

Agency: Iron will, the continuation of the original vision, and faith

Purpose: To see how Notre Dame was and why it is special

Scene: Notre Dame University campus

The agent is Father Sorin, who rebuilt Notre Dame after it was destroyed (act) using the agency of an iron will, a continued original vision, and faith. The purpose was to show how Notre Dame was and why it is special. The scene is the University of Notre Dame campus.

The agent is the dominant term in pentad 4 (Table 51). The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of Father Sorin requires the act of rebuilding the University of Notre Dame after it was destroyed in that it takes someone committed to rebuild after any form of destruction. The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of Father Sorin requires the agency of an iron will, the continuation of the original vision and faith in that these are characteristics he has. The agent-purpose ratio suggests that the agent of Father Sorin requires the purpose of seeing how the University of Notre Dame was and why it is special in that that was his original dream and vision. The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of Father Sorin requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame campus in that this is the place where his dream and vision came into fruition.

Table 51

Pentad 4 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Act is a runner-up dominant term in this pentad. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of rebuilding the University of Notre Dame requires the agency of an iron will, the continuation of the original vision, and faith in that these characteristics are required to rebuild something when it has been destroyed. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of rebuilding the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of seeing how the University of Notre Dame was and why it is special enough to do all the work of building over again. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of rebuilding the University of Notre Dame requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame campus in that the location of a university provides a campus for that university.

Agency is another runner-up dominant term. The agency-agent ratio suggests that the agency of an iron will and a continued vision and faith requires the agent of Father Sorin or someone with those same qualities. Because he was the creator of the University of Notre Dame, he is more likely than most to have these qualities as he rebuilds what he built. The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of an iron will, a continued vision, and faith requires the act of rebuilding Notre Dame after it was destroyed. It takes a strong will to survive, a vision and faith to rebuild after something of that magnitude is destroyed. The agency-purpose ratio suggests that an iron will, a continued vision, and faith require the purpose of seeing how Notre Dame was and why it is special because this purpose sustains the faith and vision. The agency-scene ratio suggests that the agency of an iron will, a continued vision, and faith require the scene of Notre Dame campus. This is a weak connection in that a will, vision, and faith can occur anywhere, not only on the campus of Notre Dame.

Pentad 5

Pentad 5, situated in paragraph 3 of page 287, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Notre Dame

Act: Grew 10 times

Agency: Leadership of John Cavanaugh

Purpose: To achieve the great promise for the future

Scene: The University of Notre Dame

The agent is Notre Dame that grew 10 times (act) through the leadership of John Cavanaugh. The purpose is to achieve the great promise for the future at the University of Notre Dame (scene).

Act and agency are the dominant terms in pentad 5 (Table 52). The act-agent ratio has a strong connection in this pentad. The University of Notre Dame is required if the University grows. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of growing 10 times requires the leadership of John Cavanaugh in that growth is dependent on good leadership, although this leadership could be assumed by others and not only by John Cavanaugh. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of growing 10 times requires the purpose of achieving the great promise for the future. Growth is a sign of a promising future. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of growing 10 times requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame. The growth takes place in a physical location or space, and the University of Notre Dame is that location.

Table 52

Pentad 5 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The runner-up controlling term is agency. The agency-agent ratio suggests that the agency of the leadership of John Cavanaugh requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame, which he is leading. The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of the leadership of John Cavanaugh requires the act of growing 10 times. Effective leadership results in productivity and growth. The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of the leadership of John Cavanaugh requires the purpose of achieving the great promise of the future. Leadership is designed to achieve great things in the future. The agency-scene ratio suggests that the agency of the leadership of John Cavanaugh requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame. Leadership must happen within a context of setting, and the setting in which Cavanaugh is working is the University of Notre Dame.

The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame in that there cannot be one without the other. The scene-agent ratio suggests that the scene of the University of Notre Dame requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame.

Pentad 6

Pentad 6, situated on paragraph 4 of page 287, through line 14 on page 288, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Notre Dame

Act: Linking knowledge and faith

Agency: Greatest efforts

Purpose: To renew the dignity of human life

Scene: The world

Notre Dame is the agent that is linking knowledge and faith (act) through the agency of greatest efforts. The purpose is to renew the dignity of human life in the world (scene).

Purpose is the dominant term in pentad 6 (Table 53). The purpose-agency is a weaker connection because a renewal of dignity does not require the greatest efforts, although such efforts would be required if this purpose were one to which someone was deeply committed. The purpose-scene suggests that the renewing of the dignity of human life requires the scene of the world. This is a strong connection in that the dignity of human life must be renewed throughout the world and not just in a few places. The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of renewing the dignity of human life requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame. Although this is a weak connection in that renewing dignity can be done by many people and institutions and not only by the University of Notre Dame, universities are research resources for the betterment of human life. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of renewing the dignity of human life requires the act of linking knowledge and faith in that humans are both physical and spiritual beings. Knowledge and faith together represent a holistic approach that helps renew the dignity of human life.

The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the act of linking knowledge and faith. This is what a Christian university such as the University of Notre Dame strives to do. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of linking knowledge and faith requires the purpose of renewing the dignity of human life.

Table 53

Pentad 6 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 7

Pentad 7, located on paragraph 2 of page 288, through paragraph 3 of page 288, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The University of Notre Dame

Act: Creating change and living with it

Agency: Knowledge and faith

Purpose: To educate people on values and principles for living with change

Scene: Notre Dame campus

The University of Notre Dame is the agent that should be involved in creating change and living with change (act) through the agency of knowledge and faith. The purpose is to educate people on values and principles of how to live with change in this fast-changing world. The scene is the University of Notre Dame campus.

The purpose is dominant in pentad 7 (Table 54). Purpose is the controlling term in this pentad because the purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of educating people on values and principles of how to live with change requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame. This is a strong connection in that there are other sources of teaching values such as the home or family, although universities certainly are institutions that do such teaching too. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of educating people on values and principles of how to live with change requires that there be change and the need to live with it. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of educating people on values and principles of how to live with change requires the agency of knowledge and faith in that educating and teaching values require knowledge and faith. The purpose-scene ratio has a weaker connection because although educating on values can be done anywhere, it definitely occurs on the University of Notre Dame campus because it is a religious institution.

Agent comes close to being the dominant term in this pentad. The agent has a connection with act to create a strong connection agent-act ratio. The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the agency of knowledge and faith in that these are qualities that set it apart as a Catholic institution of higher learning. The agent-purpose ratio suggests the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of educating people on values and principles for living with change because that is a major function of universities. The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame campus in that it is logical that Notre Dame must have a setting from which to function.

The scene-agent ratio suggests that the scene of the University of Notre Dame campus requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame because one cannot exist without the other.

Table 54

Pentad 7 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 8

Pentad 8, located on paragraph 4 of page 288, through line 16 of page 289, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Catholic universities

Act: Went out of existence or became secularized

Agency: The light went out

Purpose: Unnamed

Scene: Last and current centuries

Catholic universities are the agents that went out of existence or were secularized (act). The agency is the light that went out as vibrant Catholic universities no longer existed or became secularized. This has been taking place since the last century and continues into the present (scene). Hesburgh does not state why Catholic universities closed or became secular. Hence, purpose is not named.

Act is the dominant term in pentad 8 (Table 55). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of going out of existence or becoming secularized requires the agent of Catholic universities. To go out of existence or to become secularized requires something that can be eliminated or secularized, and these are Catholic universities. In addition, Catholic universities tend to go out of existence more easily than publicly funded universities, and they can be secularized because they are religious. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of going out of existence or becoming secularized requires the agency of the light going out. When the vision that put the universities into place no longer holds as they become secularized or become extinct, the light has gone out. Neither act-purpose nor act-scene produces connections between the two terms of the ratios.

The agency-agent ratio has no connection between its two terms. There is nothing in the light going out that requires a connection to Catholic universities. The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of the light going out requires the act going out of existence or becoming secularized in that one leads to the other. When what was required for existence ceases to be, the result is going out of existence or transforming into something else. The agency-purpose and agency-scene ratios do not have connections.

Table 55

Pentad 8 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 9

Pentad 9, situated on paragraph 1 of page 289, through the end of the first paragraph on page 276, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The University of Notre Dame

Act: Will make it

Agency: Great board, great alumni, great faculty, great facilities, and a great student body

Purpose: To make Notre Dame come up to their dreams and hopes for the future

Scene: Unnamed

The agent in this pentad is the University of Notre Dame that will make it (act) because of a great board, alumni, faculty, facilities, and student body (agency). These agencies will make Notre Dame realize its dreams and hopes for the future. Hesburgh does not name the scene in this pentad.

The dominant term in pentad 9 is act (Table 56). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of making it requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame because the University of Notre Dame is what is making it. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of making it requires the agency of a great board, great alumni, great faculty, great facilities, and a great student body. These are all parties interested in the success of the university. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of making it requires the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame realize its dreams and hopes for the future; these dreams and hopes constitute the vision for making it. The act-scene ratio is not relevant because the scene is unnamed.

Table 56

Pentad 9 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The agent-purpose ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame realize its dreams and hopes for the future. This is the goal for the University. The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame realize its dreams and hopes for the future requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame. Making the University come up to its dreams requires the University of Notre Dame. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame realize its dreams and hopes requires the agency of great board, great alumni, great faculty, great facilities, and a great student body. These are the people who can make the dreams come true.

Pentad 10

Pentad 10, located on paragraph 2 of page 289, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The alumni

Act: Contribute more than $130 million

Agency: Monetary contributions

Purpose: To match the hopes of what Notre Dame can become

Scene: Unnamed

Hesburgh challenges the alumni to contribute more than $130 million (act) to match the hopes of what Notre Dame can become (purpose). The agency is monetary contributions made by the alumni. The scene is not named in this pentad.

The dominant term in pentad 10 is act (Table 57). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of contributing more than $130 million requires the agent of the alumni in that alumni are expected to support their alma mater. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of contributing more than $130 million requires the agency of monetary contributions. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of contributing more than $130 million requires the purpose of matching the hopes of what the University of Notre Dame can become because a belief in this cause is what produces contributions. The act-scene ratio is not relevant because the scene is not named.

Table 57

Pentad 10 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection

Pentad 11

Pentad 11, situated on paragraph 4 of page 289, through the end of page 290, consists of the following terms:

Agent: People

Act: Yearn for a great university

Agency: Acts of faith

Purpose: To vindicate the faith of the young French priest

Scene: Notre Dame campus

Hesburgh named the agent as people who are yearning for a great university (act) for their children through acts of faith as the agency. In yearning for a great university, they will vindicate the faith of the young French priest (purpose) who founded the University of Notre Dame (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 11 is purpose (Table 58). The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of vindicating the faith of the young French priest requires the agent of people in that people confirm the young priest’s acts. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of vindicating the faith of the young French priest requires recognition of his faith in the creation of a great university. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of vindicating the faith of the young French priest requires the agency of acts of faith. This is logical; vindication of faith is a result of acts of faith. The purpose-scene ratio suggests that the young priest’s faith is realized on the University of Notre Dame campus.

Table 58

Pentad 11 of the Fund-Raising Address

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Summary of Dominant Terms

The dominant terms in the 11 pentads of the “Fund-Raising Address” are:

1. Act: Grew 10 times (Table 52)

Went out of existence or became secularized (Table 55)

Will make it (Table 56)

Contribute more than 130 million dollars (Table 57)

2. Agency: 38^th anniversary (Table 48)

Catholic influence (Table 50)

Leadership of John Cavanaugh (Table 52)

3. Purpose: To renew the dignity of human life (Table 53)

To educate people on values and principle of how to live with change (Table 54)

To vindicate the faith of the young French priest (Table 58)

4. Agent: Father Sorin (Table 49)

Father Sorin (Table 51)

The analysis revealed the following terms as controlling the pentads: act was dominant four times, agency three times, purpose three times, and agent twice. Therefore, the controlling term in this speech is act, although agency and purpose are significantly represented.

“Ford Foundation Grant Presentation”: 1977

“Ford Foundation Grant Presentation” was a speech Hesburgh gave in 1977 at a meeting of the Alumni Association held on the campus of the University of Notre Dame. Hesburgh endorses the work of former Alumni Association presidents such as Eric Stephen and Jim Armstrong, whose funeral recently was conducted on campus. He poses a question on what each person in the audience has done for the University to keep the University alive. He recognizes that while presidents of other institutions were lamenting about their inactive alumni, he tells them that the University of Notre Dame alumni are different; “they are the feet and bones that keep the university together” because they will do any thing at anytime for the University. He attributes this to the faith, dedication, love, devotion, and commitment to values that the alumni learned during the time they were students at the University. He concludes by stating that the reason for the University’s survival is that it turns out good people to deal with the problems of humanity.

There are 6 pentads in this speech. Because paragraph 3 of page 5 through line 7 of page 6 constitute Hesburgh’s opening remarks, this section of the speech was not analyzed. The pentadic terms and dominant terms for each pentad are identified below.

Pentad 1

Pentad 1, situated in paragraph 2 and 3 of page 291, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The alumni

Act: Will do anything for Notre Dame
Agency: Faith and devotion

Purpose: To support Notre Dame

Scene: Unnamed

Hesburgh names the agents and the alumni who will do anything for Notre Dame (act). The agency is the devotion they have to support Notre Dame with anything at any time (purpose). The scene is not named.

Purpose is the dominant term in pentad 1 (Table 59). The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of supporting the University of Notre Dame requires the agent of the alumni in that alumni are expected to support their alma mater. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of supporting the University of Notre Dame requires the act of doing anything for the University of Notre Dame--whatever is required. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of supporting the University of Notre Dame requires the agency of faith and devotion. These are necessary considering that this is a Catholic institution that is dependent on support from its members. The purpose-scene ratio is not relevant because the scene was not named.

Table 59

Pentad 1 of the Ford Foundation Grant Presentation

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The agent-purpose ratio suggests that the agent of alumni requires the purpose of supporting the University of Notre Dame because alumni are expected to support their alma mater.

Pentad 2

Pentad 2, located on paragraph 4 of page 291, through line 3 of page 292, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The University of Notre Dame

Act: Continues to exist

Agency: Alumni and Hesburgh
Purpose: Not let Notre Dame go out of existence

Scene: Crisis in higher education

The agent is the University of Notre Dame that continues to exist (act) through the agency of the alumni and Hesburgh, who are committed to the University. The purpose is to not let the University of Notre Dame go out of existence, especially when there is a crisis in higher education (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 2 is purpose (Table 60). The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of not letting the University of Notre Dame go out of existence requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of not letting the University of Notre Dame go out of existence requires the act of continuing to exist. Not letting it go out of existence results in continued existence. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of not letting the University of Notre Dame go out of existence requires the agency of the alumni and Hesburgh because these are the people on whose support it is dependent. The purpose-scene ratio has no relevance because the scene is not named.

Table 60

Pentad 2 of the Ford Foundation Grant Presentation

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of continuing to exist requires the purpose of not letting the University of Notre Dame go out of existence.

Pentad 3

Pentad 3, located on paragraph 1 and 2 of page 292, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The University of Notre Dame

Act: Is getting better

Agency: The work of many people

Purpose: To make the University a better place

Scene: Notre Dame campus

Hesburgh names the University of Notre Dame as the agent that is getting better (act). The agency is the work of many people who have helped to make the University of Notre Dame a better place (purpose). The scene is the University of Notre Dame campus.

Purpose is the dominant term in pentad 3 (Table 61). The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame a better place requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame in that it is the one being made better. The purpose-act suggests that the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame a better place requires the act of getting better in that this is the only way of showing that it is getting better. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame a better place requires the agency of the work of many people. The purpose-scene ratio suggests that the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame a better place requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame campus in that it contains the university.

Table 61

Pentad 3 of the Ford Foundation Grant Presentation

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 4

Pentad 4, situated paragraph 3 of page 292, through line 2 of page 294, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Students

Act: Attend mass

Agency: Making a choice to attend

Purpose: To learn about God, His message, and His good news

Scene: Alumni Hall Chapel

Students are the agents in this pentad. They attend mass every night (act) at the scene of Alumni Hall Chapel to learn about God, His message, and His good news (purpose). The agency is making a choice to attend mass.

The dominant term in pentad 4 is scene (Table 62). The scene-agent ratio suggests that the scene of Alumni Hall Chapel requires the agent of students in that students attend chapel. The scene-act ratio suggests that the scene of Alumni Hall Chapel requires the act of attending mass in that this is where mass is celebrated. The scene-agency ratio suggests that the scene of the Alumni Hall Chapel requires the agency of making a choice to attend in that only those who choose to attend will go to the Alumni Hall Chapel. The scene-purpose ratio suggests that the scene of the Alumni Hall chapel requires the purpose of learning about God, His message, and His good news in that the Chapel is a place for learning about God.

The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of attending mass requires the agency of making a choice to attend because attending mass is a voluntary act.

Table 62

Pentad 4 of the Ford Foundation Grant Presentation

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 5

Pentad 5, located on paragraph 1 of page 294, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Young men

Act: Decided to join the priesthood

Agency: Thinking

Purpose: Giving their lives to God and religion

Scene: All over (the world)

The young men are the agents who have decided to join the priesthood (act) through the agency of the process of thinking. The purpose is giving their lives to God and religion to serve all over the world (scene).

The act is the dominant term in pentad 5 (Table 63). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of deciding to join the priesthood requires the agent of young men in that priesthood is a vocation for young men. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of deciding to join the priesthood requires the agency of thinking in that this is a departure from the norm and requires that a lot of thought be put into the decision. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of deciding to join the priesthood requires the purpose of giving one’s life to God and religion in that this is a vow priests take when they join the priesthood. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of deciding to join the priesthood requires the scene of all over the world in that priests are expected to minister wherever in the world they are sent.

Table 63

Pentad 5 of the Ford Foundation Grant Presentation

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of giving one’s life to God and religion requires the agency of thinking because this is a decision one has to make.

Pentad 6

Pentad 6, situated on paragraph 2 of page 294, through the end of speech, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Notre Dame University students and alumni

Act: Responded to the world’s problems

Agency: Sense of values

Purpose: To do something about the problems of the world

Scene: The University of Notre Dame

Hesburgh names the University of Notre Dame students and alumni as agents who responded to the world’s problems (act) through the sense of values (agency) for the purpose of doing something about the problems of the world. The University of Notre Dame is the scene.

Agent is the dominant term in pentad 6 (Table 64). The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame students and alumni requires the act of responding to the world’s problems in that, by their nature as described by Hesburgh, they are concerned with the problems of the world. The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame students and alumni requires the agency of the sense of values because University of Notre Dame students have value. The agent-purpose ratio suggests that the agent of University of Notre Dame students and alumni requires the purpose of doing something about the problems of the world because their University of Notre Dame education taught them to be concerned with these problems. The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame students and alumni requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame in that alumni and students identify with the university, as it is their alma mater.

The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of responding to the world’s problems requires the agency of the sense of values because these are guiding principles in responding to the world’s problems.

Table 64

Pentad 6 of the Ford Foundation Grant Presentation

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection

Summary of Dominant Terms

The dominant terms in the six pentads of the “Ford Foundation Grant Presentation” are:

1. Purpose: To support Notre Dame (Table 59)

Not to let Notre Dame go out of existence (Table 60)

To make the University a better place (Table 61)

2. Agent: Notre Dame University students and alumni (Table 64)

3. Act: Decided to join the priesthood (Table 63)

4. Scene: Alumni Hall Chapel (Table 62).

The analysis of this speech revealed the controlling term as purpose in that, of the six pentads identified, three of them had purpose as the controlling term, agent was dominant once, act once, and scene once.

“Opening Campaign Century Center”: April 18, 1979

Hesburgh’s speech to open the fund-raising campaign in 1979 was held at the Century Center on April 18, 1979. The meeting was for alumni and friends of Notre Dame and opened the last of three phases of campaigns in a series of meetings conducted nationwide. Hesburgh proposes two things to be done in the meeting--to launch the third phase of the campaign for Notre Dame and to launch University of Notre Dame Night.

Hesburgh informs his audience about the goals for the money to be raised and encourages them to give more than $150 million. He reminds them of a 28-year-old priest who had the courage to build a University with only $300 in his pocket. When his faith and vision were tested when the University burned down, he did not give up. He recounts the successes the University has had since 1945 and confirms that while other universities were interested in developing the intellect, the philosophy of the University of Notre Dame is to develop the minds, hearts, and lives of students. In a future that is marked with confusion because of technological and scientific changes, Hesburgh assures the alumni that the University should prepare people to cope with the change. He concludes by inviting the alumni to remain a part of this great institution because he is confident that, with the help of the alumni, the University of Notre Dame will prevail.

In “Opening Campaign Century Center,” 13 pentadic sets were identified. The pentadic terms and dominant terms for each are identified below.

Pentad 1

Pentad 1, located in paragraph 2 of page 295, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Notre Dame people

Act: Attend Notre Dame meetings

Agency: Everyone involved making meetings happen

Purpose: To launch a campaign for Notre Dame and to launch Notre Dame Night

Scene: All around (Washington, New York, Boston, etc.)

Notre Dame people are the agents in this pentad. They are attending Notre Dame meetings (act) for the purpose of launching the campaign for the University of Notre Dame and to launch Notre Dame Night. The agencies are everyone making meetings happen all around (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 1 is agent (Table 65). The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of Notre Dame people requires the act of attending Notre Dame meetings in that they have a connection with the institution and would be interested in attending such meetings. The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of Notre Dame people requires the agency of everyone involved in making meetings happen in that those who make the meetings happen are people. The agent-purpose ratio suggests that the agent of Notre Dame people requires the purpose of launching a campaign for the University of Notre Dame and to launch Notre Dame Night in that such people are expected to and interested in supporting their alma mater. The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of Notre Dame people requires the scene of all around (Washington, New York, Boston, etc.) in that Notre Dame people are anywhere.

The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of attending the University of Notre Dame meetings requires the agency of everyone involved with making meetings happen. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of launching a campaign for Notre Dame and Notre Dame Night requires the agency of everyone involved with making meetings happen to participate.

Table 65

Pentad 1 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 2

Pentad 2, situated in paragraph 2 of page 295, consists of the following terms:

Agent: We

Act: Celebrating the quality of your lives

Agency: Notre Dame Night

Purpose: To make the University of Notre Dame a reality

Scene: This land and across the world

The agents are we (the people attending Notre Dame Night), who are celebrating the quality of the lives of those in the audience (act) through the agency of Notre Dame Night for the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame a reality in this land and across the world (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 2 is agency (Table 66). The agency-agent ratio suggests that the agency of Notre Dame Night requires the agent of we in that there cannot be a Notre Dame Night without people to attend. The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of Notre Dame Night requires the act of celebrating the quality of your lives in that the quality of these lives is the focus of the celebration. The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of Notre Dame Night requires the purpose of making the University of Notre Dame a reality in that Notre Dame Night is designed to provide a focus on the University of Notre Dame. The agency-scene ratio suggests that the agency of Notre Dame Night requires the scene of this land and across the world where there are Notre Dame graduates whose lives are the reason for the celebration.

Table 66

Pentad 2 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of celebrating the quality of lives requires the agent of we because celebrating the quality of lives requires people.

Pentad 3

Pentad 3, situated in paragraph 4 of page 295, consists of the following terms:

Agent: We

Act: Launching campaign for the University of Notre Dame’s third phase

Agency: Lunches and dinners

Purpose: To reach 100% of the goal

Scene: Across the country

The agent is we (who are attending the meeting), launching a campaign for the University of Notre Dame’s third phase (act) through the agency of lunches and dinners across the country (scene). The purpose for the campaign is to reach 100% of the goal.

Purpose is the dominant term (Table 67) because the purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of reaching 100% of the goal requires the agent of we, the Notre Dame people. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of reaching 100% of the goal requires the act of launching the campaign for the University of Notre Dame’s third phase in that it is logical to launch the third phase if the goal has not yet been realized. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of reaching 100% of the goal requires the agency of lunches and dinners in that this is a means of raising money. The purpose-scene ratio suggests that the purpose of reaching 100% of the goal requires the scene of all across the country in that Notre Dame graduates--the source of the funds to reach the goal--are all across the country.

The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of launching a campaign for the University of Notre Dame’s third phase requires the purpose of reaching 100% of the goal. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of launching a campaign for the University of Notre Dame’s third phase requires the scene of all across the country for maximum participation.

Table 67

Pentad 3 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection

Pentad 4

Pentad 4, located in paragraph 5 of page 295, through line 2 of page 296, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The Rosenthals

Act: Giving generously

Agency: Leadership

Purpose: Unnamed

Scene: So many places

Hesburgh names the agents as the Rosenthals, who are giving generously (act) to the University and around the country (scene) through their leadership (agency). Hesburgh does not mention the purpose for their giving.

The dominant term in pentad 4 is agent (Table 68). The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of the Rosenthals requires the act of giving generously to the University of Notre Dame. Their character requires that they give to others. The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of the Rosenthals requires the agency of leadership; again, something in who they are makes them leaders. The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of the Rosenthals requires a scene of so many places in that their giving has taken place in many places. The agent-purpose ratio is not relevant because the purpose is not named.

Table 68

Pentad 4 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of giving generously requires the scene of so many places. Generous giving is not limited to one place.

Pentad 5

Pentad 5, situated in paragraph 1 of page 296, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Hesburgh and thousands of people

Act: Involved in jogathon

Agency: People telling the story, showing the film

Purpose: To surpass the goal of $130 million

Scene: This land

The agent is the campaign that is progressing well (act) through the agency of Hesburgh and thousands of people telling the Notre Dame story and through films shown throughout this land (scene). The purpose is to surpass the goal of $130 million.

Purpose is the dominant term in pentad 5 (Table 69). The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of surpassing the goal of $130 million requires the agent of Hesburgh and thousands of people to raise the needed funds. The purpose-act ratio suggests that the purpose of surpassing the goal of $130 million requires acts such as participating in a jogathon; this is one means for reaching the goal. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of surpassing the goal of $130 million requires the agency of people telling the story and showing the film in that these are the means of letting people know what the University is about so they can contribute the needed funds. The purpose-scene ratio suggests that the purpose of surpassing the goal of $130 million requires the scene of this land in that involvement of graduates from everywhere are needed to raise this kind of money.

The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of people telling the story, and showing the film requires the purpose of surpassing the goal of $130 million. These are efforts for raising money.

Table 69

Pentad 5 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 6

Pentad 6, located in paragraph 2 of page 296, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Money

Act: Building to a new level of accomplishment

Agency: The drive

Purpose: To help build an institution

Scene: Past, present, and future

Money is the agent that is used to build new levels of accomplishment (act) through the agency of the drive for the purpose of helping build an institution. The building of the institution takes into account the past, present, and future (scene).

Act is the dominant term in pentad 6 (Table 70). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of building to a new level of accomplishment requires the agent of money in that money is the means of achieving such new levels of accomplishment. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of building to a new level of accomplishment requires the agency of the drive because this will bring in needed funds to build to new levels of accomplishments. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of building to a new level of accomplishment requires the purpose of helping build an institution in that new levels of accomplishment signify progress in building an institution. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of building a new level of accomplishment requires the scene of the past, present, and future in that there must be something you are building toward as well as some place from which you have come.

The purpose-agent ratio suggests that the purpose of helping build an institution requires the agent of money because money cannot be avoided in a project of such magnitude.

Table 70

Pentad 6 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 7

Pentad 7, situated in paragraph 3 of page 296, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Young priest

Act: Founded the Universite de Notre Dame du Lac

Agency: Faith, courage, and vision

Purpose: To build the highest form of higher education

Scene: South Bend, Indiana

The young priest is the agent who founded the University of Notre Dame and called it Universite de Notre Dame du Lac after the first university in his country France. The agency was his faith, courage, and vision to build the highest form of higher education (purpose) in South Bend, Indiana (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 7 is act (Table 71). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of founding the Universite de Notre Dame du Lac requires the agent of a young priest. This is a weak connection because anyone could have founded the university, but a priest is likely to be the founder of a Catholic university. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of founding the Universite de Notre Dame du Lac requires the agency of faith, courage, and vision in that these are qualities necessary to found any university. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of founding the Universite de Notre Dame du Lac requires the purpose of building the highest form of higher education in that a university is a form of higher education, and at its founding, the founder would be likely to expect great things for it. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of founding the Universite de Notre Dame du Lac requires the scene of South Bend, Indiana. Although this is a weak connection in that the University could have been founded anywhere, it is a requirement that there must be a place where to build the university, and South Bend was chosen.

The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of faith, courage, and vision requires the act of founding the Universite de Notre Dame du Lac because these are qualities needed for such an act. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of building the highest form of higher education requires the agency of faith, courage, and vision.

Table 71

Pentad 7 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 8

Pentad 8, in paragraph 4 of page 296, through line 6 on page 297, consists of the following terms:

Agent: Our Lady

Act: Burned down the university

Agency: Fire

Purpose: To prove that Norstrome’s faith was too shallow and his vision restricted

Scene: The University of Notre Dame

The agent in this pentad is Our Lady, who was believed to have burned down the university (act) through the agency of a fire for the purpose of proving that Norstrome’s faith was too shallow and his vision restricted. The scene was the University of Notre Dame.

Act is the dominant term in pentad 8 (Table 72). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of burning down the church requires the agent of Our Lady. This is a weak connection in that anyone could have burned down the church, although a divine presence as responsible is not an everyday occurrence and makes this act-agent ratio special. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of burning down the church requires the agency of a fire. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of burning down the church requires the purpose of proving that Norstrome’s faith was too shallow and his vision restricted. A dramatic act is chosen to prove Norstrome’s faith, using a common divine medium for communication--fire. The act-scene ratio is not relevant because the scene was not named.

Table 72

Pentad 8 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 9

Pentad 9, located on line 6 of page 297, through line 15 of page 297, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The citizens, Catholic priests and brothers

Act: Helped rebuild the university

Agency: Indomitable faith and vision

Purpose: To build a great institution on that spot

Scene: South Bend, Indiana

The citizens and Catholic priests and brothers are the agents who helped rebuild the university (act) through the agency of indomitable faith and vision. The purpose was to build a great institution on the same spot in South Bend, Indiana (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 9 is agency (Table 73). The agency-agent ratio suggests that the agency of indomitable faith and vision requires the agent of citizens and Catholic priests and brothers who have faith and vision, as these agents do. The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of indomitable faith and vision requires the act of helping rebuild the church in that it takes that kind of faith and vision to rebuild. The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of indomitable faith and vision requires a goal that goes beyond the typical and that is tested not only in major ways–as in rebuilding what has been destroyed but has the purpose of building a great institution on that spot. The agency-scene ratio suggests that the agency of indomitable faith and vision requires the scene of South Bend, Indiana. This is a very weak connection in that faith and vision can be practiced anywhere, not only in South Bend, Indiana.

The agent-agency ratio suggests that the agent of citizens and Catholic priests and brothers requires the agency of indomitable faith and vision to do their work.

Table 73

Pentad 9 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 10

Pentad 10, situated on paragraph 1of page 297, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The University of Notre Dame

Act: Has made progress since 1945

Agency: Hundreds of people, including those present

Purpose: To build a great university

Scene: The University of Notre Dame campus

The agent in this pentad is the University of Notre Dame, which has made progress since the time of Norstrome in 1945 (act). The agencies are many people, including those present, who have played a part in making the programs succeed. The purpose was to build a great university on the University of Notre Dame campus.

Act is the dominant term in pentad 10 (Table 74). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of making progress since 1945 requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame. This is a weak connection in that making progress could be on something else other than the University of Notre Dame, but Hesburgh clearly is talking about the progress of the University of Notre Dame here, reinforcing this connection. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of making progress since 1945 requires the agency of many people, including those present. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of making progress since 1945 requires the purpose of increasing the endowment to make it close to Harvard’s. Increasing the endowment is one indicator of progress. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of making progress since 1945 requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame. The program made by the University of Notre Dame requires the University of Notre Dame.

Table 74

Pentad 10 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the act of making progress since 1945. Making progress is a sign of the growth and development the University needs. The agent-scene ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame campus because the agent and scene are not independent of each other. The purpose-agency ratio suggests that the purpose of building a great university requires the agency of hundreds of people, including those present. Building a great university requires the effort of many people.

Pentad 11

Pentad 11, situated in paragraph 2 of page 297, through paragraph 2 of page 298, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The University of Notre Dame

Act: Moving up the list of university endowments

Agency: Spectacular feat

Purpose: To touch the hearts and minds of students

Scene: The University of Notre Dame

The agent is the University of Notre Dame that is moving up the list of university endowments (act) through the agency of a spectacular feat. The purpose is to touch the hearts and minds of students at the University of Notre Dame (scene).

The dominant term in pentad 11 is act (Table 75). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of moving up the list of university endowments requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame. Although other universities also could move up the list of university endowments, Hesburgh is clearly talking about the University of Notre Dame’s movement, establishing a connection between these two terms. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of moving up the list of university endowments requires the agency of a spectacular feat. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of moving up the list of university endowments requires the purpose of increasing the endowment close to Harvard’s in that Harvard is at the top of the list, which is where all the universities want to be. The act-scene ratio suggests that the University of Notre Dame’s moving up the list must take place within a scene of the campus.

Table 75

Pentad 11 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

The scene-agent ratio suggests that the scene of the University of Notre Dame requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame because the scene and agent are dependent on the other.

Pentad 12

Pentad 12, located in paragraph 3 of page 298, through paragraph 1 of page 299, consists of the following terms:

Agent: The University of Notre Dame

Act: Campaign for the University of Notre Dame

Agency: People

Purpose: To make the world a better place

Scene: Confusion

The agent is the University of Notre Dame that is launching the campaign for the University of Notre Dame (act) through people as agencies. The purpose is to make the world a better place in the midst of the confusion caused by science and technology (scene).

Act is the dominant term in pentad 12 (Table 76). The act-agent ratio suggests that the act of campaigning for the University of Notre Dame requires the agent of the University of Notre Dame in that it is logical that there be a University of Notre Dame for which to campaign. The act-agency ratio suggests that the act of campaigning for the University of Notre Dame requires the agency of people in that people manage a campaign. The act-purpose ratio suggests that the act of campaigning for the University of Notre Dame requires the purpose of making the world a better place in that the funds received will make it possible for various programs to be offered for the betterment of humanity. The act-scene ratio suggests that the act of campaigning for the University of Notre Dame requires a scene of confusion. Although the campaign takes place in the context of a confused and troubled world, there is not a necessary connection between the campaign and this world.

The agent-act ratio suggests that the agent of the University of Notre Dame requires the act of campaigning for the University of Notre Dame because it is the beneficiary of the campaign. The agency-purpose ratio suggests that the agency of people requires the purpose of making the world a better place.

Table 76

Pentad 12 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Pentad 13

Pentad 13, situated on paragraph 2 of page 299, through the end of speech, consists of the following terms:

Agent: People in the audience

Act: Join this enormous adventure

Agency: Special people with their blood on the bricks

Purpose: Unnamed

Scene: Notre Dame campus

The agents are people in the audience who are joining this enormous adventure (act) through the agency of special people who have their blood on the bricks at the University of Notre Dame (scene). Hesburgh does not name the purpose in this pentad.

The dominant term in pentad 13 is agency (Table 77). The agency-agent ratio suggests that the agency of special people with their blood on the bricks requires the agent of people in the audience in that people are the ones who make this kind of sacrifice to the University. The agency-act ratio suggests that the agency of special people with their blood on the bricks requires the act of joining this enormous adventure in that these are the kinds of people required to make the campaign a success. The agency-scene ratio suggests that the agency of special people with their blood on the bricks requires the scene of the University of Notre Dame campus in that this is where, symbolically, the people will put their blood on the bricks. The agency-purpose ratio is not relevant because the purpose was not stated.

Table 77

Pentad 13 of the Opening Campaign Century Center

Elements of the Pentad	Ratios
Agent	Agent-Act	Agent-Agency	Agent-Purpose	Agent-Scene
Act	Act-Agent	Act-Agency	Act-Purpose	Act-Scene
Agency	Agency-Agent	Agency-Act	Agency-Purpose	Agency-Scene
Purpose	Purpose-Agent	Purpose-Act	Purpose-Agency	Purpose-Scene
Scene	Scene-Agent	Scene-Act	Scene-Agency	Scene-Purpose

Note. Lighter shading equals weak connection; darker shading equals strong connection.

Summary of Dominant Terms

The dominant terms in the 13 pentads of “Opening Campaign Century Center” are:

1. Act: Building to a new level of accomplishment (Table 70)

Founded the Universite de Notre Dame du Lac (Table 71)

Burned down the university (Table 72)

Has made progress since 1945 (Table 74)

Moving up the list of university endowments (Table 75)

Campaign for the University of Notre Dame (Table 76)

2. Agency: Notre Dame Night (Table 66)

Indomitable faith and vision (Table 73)

Special people with blood on the bricks (Table 77)

3. Agent: Notre Dame people Table 65)

The Rosenthals (Table 68)

4. Purpose: To reach 100% of the goal (Table 67)

To surpass the goal of $130 million (Table 69)

Of the 13 pentads that were identified, the results of the analysis revealed the following controlling terms: act was dominant six times, agency three times, agent two times, and purpose two times. Therefore, act emerged as the controlling term in this speech.

Summary of Dominant Terms for Speeches From the 70s

The following terms were found to be dominant in Hesburgh’s speeches from the Seventies:

1. Act: Making Notre Dame a reality (Table 41)

Presided over the Notre Dame alumni for 31 years (Table 42)

Grew 10 times (Table 52)

Went out of existence or became secularized (Table 55)

Will make it (Table 56)

Contribute more than $130 million (Table 57)

Decided to join the priesthood (Table 63)

Building to a new level of accomplishment (Table 70)

Founded the Universite de Notre Dame du Lac (Table 71)

Burned down the university (Table 72)

Has made progress since 1945 (Table 74)

Moving up the list of university endowments (Table 75)

Campaign for the University of Notre Dame (Table 76)

2. Purpose: To express appreciation for the growth of their children (Table 44)

To express appreciation for what Notre Dame did for Bonnie (Table 45)

To convey the positive impact of Notre Dame on her life (Table 46)

To show that Notre Dame is still that kind of place to those who study there (Table 47)

To renew the dignity of human life (Table 53)

To educate people on values and principle of how to live with change (Table 54)

To vindicate the faith of the young French priest (Table 58)

To support Notre Dame (Table 59)

Not to let Notre Dame go out of existence (Table 60)

To make the University a better place (Table 61)

To reach 100% of the goal (Table 67)

To surpass the goal of $130 million (Table 68)

3. Agent: Notre Dame (Table 43)

Father Sorin (Table 49)

Father Sorin (Table 51)

Notre Dame University students and alumni (Table 64)

Notre Dame people (Table 65)

The Rosenthals (Table 68)

4. Agency: 38^th anniversary (Table 48)

Catholic influence (Table 50)

Leadership of John Cavanaugh (Table 52)

Notre Dame Night (Table 66)

Indomitable faith and vision (Table 73)

Special people with blood on the bricks (Table 77)

5. Scene: Alumni Hall Chapel (Table 62).

Table 78 shows the frequencies of the dominant terms in speeches from the 70s. Hesburgh’s speeches from the 70s featured act as a dominant term most often, followed by purpose; agent and agency were his dominant terms about half as often, and scene was dominant only once.

Table 78

Summary of All Dominant Terms From the 70s

Pentadic Terms

Frequencies

Act

Purpose

Agent

Agency

Scene

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Summary of Dominant Terms for Speeches From the 70s