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Question 1
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Components that make up theories:
A) hypothetical construct
B) associations among constructs
C) operational definitions
D) a and c
E) all of the above
Question 2
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Which of the following are false concerning experimental research?
A) An experiment represents a set of operations to determine the underlying nature of the causal relationship between independent and dependent variables.
B) Systematically changing the value of the dependent variable and measuring the effect on the independent variable characterizes experimentation.
C) Regardless of the number of variables studied, an experiment's ultimate goal attempts to systematically isolate the effect of at least one independent variable in relation to at least one dependent variable.
D) b and c
Question 3
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Which of the following statements are false regarding facts?
A) Identifying facts represents the most fundamental level of scientific inquiry.
B) Facts exhibit no moral quality; once established, any question about facts arises only from interpretation.
C) Regardless of the observation method, to establish something as fact demands that different researchers reproduce observations under identical conditions on different occasions
D) a and c
E) none of the above
Question 4
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To remove the potential for experimenter bias, subjects and researchers must be unaware of the treatment condition:
A) placebo controls
B) double-blind procedure
C) cross-over procedure
D) retrospective design
Question 5
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Studies that investigate events as they occur in normal living:
A) experimental
B) field
C) laboratory
D) epidemiological
E) b and d
Question 6
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When researchers' personal attention to subjects causes them to modify behaviors and change the dependent variable regardless of the independent variable's influence:
A) Hawthorne effect
B) retrogression effect
C) Hooke's law
D) Murphy's law
Question 7
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A generalized statement describing the relationship among independent and dependent variables:
A) fact
B) factoid
C) law
D) hunch
E) none of the above
Question 8
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Between-subject variation in test scores generally reflects:
A) individual differences
B) intra-individual variability
C) biological constancy
D) homeostasis
Question 9
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Moving from specific facts to general principles:
A) deduction
B) reduction
C) epistimology
D) induction
Question 10
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A set of operations to determine the underlying nature of the causal relationship between independent and dependent variables:
A) descriptive research
B) epidemiological research
C) retrospective research
D) experimental research
Question 11
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Which of the following does not represent a purpose of external criticism in historical research in evaluating a document?
A) conditions that produced the document
B) competency, credibility, and possible author bias
C) correctness of data interpretation
D) a and c
E) none of the above
Question 12
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The researcher manipulates this variable in an attempt to establish cause and effect:
A) dependent variable
B) Y-variable
C) independent variable
D) a and b
Question 13
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Non-observable abstract entities, consciously invented and generalized for use in theories:
A) constructs
B) factoids
C) laws
D) facts
Question 14
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Protein:
A) provides between 20-30% of the body's daily energy requirement
B) can be a source for synthesizing glucose
C) has the same RDA for children as for adults
D) if taken in amounts above the RDA will induce muscular growth during strength training
E) b and d
Question 15
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Cholesterol is:
A) a derived lipid
B) classified as HDL, MDL, and GDL
C) found in foods of plant and animal origin
D) necessary for the synthesis of vitamins A and B
E) all of the above
Question 16
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A lipid:
A) has the basic molecular formula C6H12O6
B) has fatty acid chains of different lengths
C) can be of plant or animal origin
D) b and c
E) all of the above
Question 17
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Saturated fatty acids are found:
A) only in meats
B) only in the animal kingdom
C) only in milk and milk products
D) predominantly in the plant kingdom
E) none of the above
Question 18
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The Atwater calorific values enable one to determine the:
A) energy cost of physical activity
B) energy cost of breathing
C) RDA for specific nutrients
D) SDA for specific nutrients
E) none of the above
Question 19
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Of the following, ___ is not an essential amino acid.
leucine
lysine
methionine
alanine
Question 20
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This process requires the shifting an amino group from a donor amino acid to a keto acid:
A) gluconeogenesis
B) translocation
C) transamination
D) deamination
Question 21
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The ___ represents the international standard for expressing food energy:
joule
calorie
gram-watt
watt
Question 22
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Lipid is:
A) a hydrated fuel
B) digested primarily in the stomach
C) soluble in water
D) stored in the body in adipocyte cells
E) b and d
Question 23
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Foods relatively high in calories:
generally are low in water content
generally are rich sources of carbohydrate
have a relatively low quantity of H atoms
generally are high in fiber
c and d
Question 24
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Adult humans must consume this many amino acids on a regular basis:
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
Question 25
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Disaccharides are:
A) double sugars
B) sucrose, fructose, and alanine
C) starch and fiber
D) most common in the form of glucose
E) none of the above
Question 26
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Four grams of lipid contain approximately ___ kcal:
A) 9
B) 16
C) 32
D) 36
Question 27
(2 points)
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Vitamins:
are inorganic compounds
are important cofactors in energy metabolism
are a crucial source of energy to the body
a and b
all of the above
Question 28
(2 points)
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These compounds turn inactive enzymes into active form:
vitamins
minerals
coenzymes
trace minerals
Question 29
(2 points)
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Dietary iron deficiency causes:
osteoporosis
sickle cell syndrome
anemia
decreased anaerobic exercise performance
c and d
Question 30
(2 points)
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Superoxide dismutase:
catalyzes the catabolism of lipids within muscle
catalyzes the conversion of free radicals to oxygen and water
inhibits mitochondrial oxygen uptake
facilitates oxygen transfer across the alveolar membrane
Question 31
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The daily water intake requirement of a sedentary adult in a temperate climate equals about ____ liters:
1
1.5
2
2.5
Question 32
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Vitamins ___ and ___ pose the greatest health risk if regularly consumed in excess:
E and D
D and A
A and the B-complex
C and E
Question 33
(2 points)
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Rich dietary sources of antioxidant vitamins are:
§-carotene-carrots, nuts, vegetable oils, dark, green leafy vegetables
vitamin C - citrus fruits and juices, turnip greens, cantaloupe
vitamin E - apricots, sweet potatoes, wheat germ, whole grain bread
vitamin K - mangos, dried beans, spinach, cheese
Question 34
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This term indicates complete cessation of the menstrual cycle.:
oligomenorrhea
eumenorrhea
amenorrhea
menses
Question 35
(2 points)
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The only vitamin not available in a vegan's diet:
vitamin E
folic acid
ascorbic acid
vitamin B12
none of the above
Question 36
(2 points)
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Vitamins C, A, and E:
serve as protective antioxidant agents to blunt potential cellular damage from free radical attack
reduce the frequency and duration of fungal infections
facilitate energy metabolism during exercise
reduce the risk of osteoporosis
Question 37
(2 points)
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Metabolic water:
provides the majority of the daily water requirement of a sedentary adult
is the water contained in ingested foods
is the water required for the hydrolysis of food nutrients
is the water formed in the catabolism of food nutrients
Question 38
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The majority of body water is found in the:
adipose tissue
intracellular compartment
interstitial space
extracellular compartment
bladder
Question 39
(2 points)
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The accumulation of potentially damaging free radicals:
oxidative stress
redox state
oxygenation enhancement
electron scavenging
Question 40
(2 points)
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Concerning the precompetition meal:
avoid foods high in lipid and protein
avoid foods high in carbohydrate
include vitamin and mineral supplements
a and c
Question 41
(2 points)
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Liquid meals benefit the physically active person for all of the following reasons except:
they are likely to provide sufficient energy without the feeling of fullness
they contribute to fluid needs
digestion is rapid and complete
they decrease lactate production
Question 42
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A high-protein, pre-game meal:
facilitates protein breakdown and subsequent dehydration
takes longer to digest than one high in carbohydrate
results in a decrease in plasma cholesterol
a and b
Question 43
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Muscle glycogen becomes significantly depleted following:
two days on a low carbohydrate diet
two or three minutes of all-out exercise
one hour of high intensity aerobic exercise
a and c
all of the above
Question 44
(2 points)
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The ideal oral rehydration solution should contain ___% carbohydrate:
1 to 3
5 to 8
7 to 12
10 to 15
Question 45
(2 points)
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The RDA for protein equals ___ g per kg body mass:
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Question 46
(2 points)
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The pre-exercise meal should be high in:
carbohydrates and lipids
carbohydrates and proteins
lipids and water
carbohydrates and water
Question 47
(2 points)
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The _____ provides a general appraisal of the "healthfulness" of one's diet, and gives a score based on a composite of the eight food-and-nutrient based recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences.
Diet Quality Index
Four Food Group Plan
Eating Right Index
Lipid Assessment Index
Health Factor Index
Question 48
(2 points)
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Carbohydrate either in liquid or solid form consumed during exercise:
benefits high intensity endurance exercise performance
is of no benefit to high intensity endurance exercise performance
benefits only short duration sub-maximum effort
acts to enhance aerobic performance by increasing the VO2max
Question 49
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Ingesting ___ mL of fluid every 20 minutes during exercise maintains a relatively large stomach volume which optimize gastric emptying:
20
50
100
200
Question 50
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Gastric emptying slows when ingested fluids:
contain an increased concentration of particles in solution (osmolality)
possess high caloric content
are relatively large in volume
a and b
all of the above
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