Algebra 2 by Richard Wright

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3-06 Solving Quadratic Equations by Any Method (Review)

Mr. Wright teaches the lesson.

Objectives:

SDA NAD Content Standards (2018): AII.4.1, AII.4.2, AII.5.1, AII.6.3

choices
Figure 1: Choices. (Pixabay/PixxlTeufel)

The last several lessons have gone over several methods of how to solve quadratic equations. The problem is then which method to use.

Choosing a Method to Solve

Usually in applications of quadratic equations, the method to solve it is not given. The person solving has to choose. Because the quadratic formula is derived from completing the square, it is usually faster, and thus, preferred.

To decide what method to use to solve quadratic equations, it is usually fastest to try factoring or square roots first.

Choose the Best Method to Solve a Quadratic Equation

To most efficiently solve a quadratic equation,

  1. If x appears only once and it is squared—either x2 or (xk)2— solve by taking square roots.
  2. If both x2 and x appear, make the equation equal to zero and…
    1. Try solving by factoring.
    2. If it cannot be factored quickly, solve by completing the square or the quadratic formula.
    3. Graphing is usually only as a last resort for complicated problems.

Example 1: Solve Quadratic by Any Method

Solve x2 − 18x + 81 = 0.

Solution

Both x2 and x appear. The equation already equals zero.

Try solving by factoring.

x2 – 18x + 81 = 0

(x – 9)(x – 9) = 0

x – 9 = 0

x = 9

Try It 1

Solve x2 = 11x – 24

Answer

(Factoring) 3, 8

Example 2: Solve Quadratic by Any Method

Solve 3x2 = x + 14

Solution

Both x2 and x appear. Make the equation equal to zero.

3x2 = x + 14

3x2x – 14 = 0

Both x2 and x appear. The equation already equals zero.

Try solving by factoring.

(3x – 7)(x + 2) = 0

3x − 7 = 0 or x + 2 = 0

3x = 7 or x = −2

x = \(\frac{\mathbf{7}}{\mathbf{3}}\) or x = −2

Try It 2

Solve x2 − 6x = 0

Answer

(Factoring) 0, 6

Example 3: Solve Quadratic by Any Method

Solve 3x2 = 147.

Solution

Only x2 appears, so solve by square roots.

3x2 = 147

x2 = 49

x = ±7

Try It 3

Solve −3(x + 9)2 = −63.

Answer

(Roots) \(-9\pm\sqrt{21}\approx-13.58,-4.42\)

Example 4: Solve Quadratic by Any Method

Solve −x2 + 4 = 2x2 − 5.

Solution

x appears twice, but they are both x2. This can be simplified if like terms are collected.

x2 + 4 = 2x2 − 5

−3x2 + 4 = −5

Now only x2 appears, so solve by square roots.

−3x2 = −9

x2 = 3

x = \(±\sqrt{\mathbf{3}}\)

Try It 4

Solve x2 − 7 = 14 − 2x2

Answer

(Roots) \(\pm\sqrt7\approx\pm2.65\)

Example 5: Solve Quadratic by Any Method

Solve x2 – 3x – 3 = 0.

Solution

Both x2 and x appear, and it already equals zero.

Try factoring.

(x – 3)(x + 1) = 0

The check step shows that this does not work.

outers + inners = middle

x + (–3x) = –2x ≠ –3x

Since factoring does not work, try using the quadratic formula which always works.

$$ x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a} $$

$$ x=\frac{-\left(-3\right)\pm\sqrt{\left(-3\right)^2-4\left(1\right)\left(-3\right)}}{2\left(1\right)} $$

$$ x =\frac{\mathbf{3}\pm\sqrt{\mathbf{21}}}{\mathbf{2}} $$

Try It 5

Solve 2x2 + 5x – 1 = 0

Answer

(Formula) \(\frac{-5\pm\sqrt{33}}{4}\approx-2.69,0.19\)

Example 6: Solve Quadratic by Any Method

Solve x2 = 27x.

Solution

Both x2 and x appear. Set up the equation to equal zero.

x2 – 27x = 0

Try factoring. Factor the common factor first.

x(x – 27) = 0

x = 0 or x – 27 = 0

x = 0 or x = 27

Try It 6

Solve x2 = 81

Answer

(Roots) ±9

Practice Problems

    Find the real solutions to the equation.

  1. 2x2 – 5 = 7
  2. (x – 5)2 = 16
  3. x2 + x = 20
  4. x2 = 16x
  5. x2 + 8x = –16
  6. x2 + 7x – 2 = 0
  7. 2x2 + 5x – 12 = 0
  8. x2 – 3x – 5 = 0
  9. 3x2 + 192x = 0
  10. 2(x – 1)2 = –50
  11. 2x2 – 5x – 1 = 0
  12. 4x2 + 2 = 3x
  13. 2x2 – 8x = 10
  14. x2 + 10 = –14 –x2
  15. 3x2 + 2x = –2
  16. Mixed Review

  17. (0-01) Solve: 2x + 7 = 19
  18. (0-01) Solve: 4(5 – x) = 12
  19. (0-03) Solve: |2x + 1| = 5
  20. (0-03) Solve: \(\frac{1}{2}\left|x-3\right|=16\)
  21. (3-03) Solve by graphing: x2 + 3x = 4

Answers

  1. \(\pm\sqrt{6}\) (Roots)
  2. 1, 9 (Roots)
  3. -5, 4 (Factor)
  4. 0, 16 (Factor)
  5. −4 (Factor)
  6. \(\frac{-7\pm\sqrt{57}}{2}\) (Formula)
  7. -4, 3/2 (Factor)
  8. \(\frac{3\pm\sqrt{29}}{2}\) (Formula)
  9. 0, −64 (Factor)
  10. 1 ± 5i (Roots)
  11. \(\frac{5\pm\sqrt{33}}{4}\) (Formula)
  12. \(\frac{3}{8}\pm\frac{\sqrt{23}}{8}i\) (Formula)
  13. -1, 5 (Factor)
  14. \(\pm 2 \sqrt{3}i\) (Roots)
  15. \(-\frac{1}{3}\pm\frac{\sqrt5}{3}i\) (Formula)
  16. 6
  17. 2
  18. −3, 2
  19. −29, 35
  20. −4, 1